Research
 
SOLARIS PRODUCTS


Dynatron Solaris -

Dynatronics has combined the popular features of the 50 Series PlusT line with Light Therapy and Direct Current to create the revolutionary Solaris Series. Solaris offers the most options in any one device by including Ultrasound, seven Stim waveforms, and the option of adding an Infrared Cluster Probe. The state-of-the-art Solaris Series allows clinicians the freedom to treat with a variety of different modalities. In addition to the latest technology, its durable construction and portable size means Solaris can travel anywhere.

701 - Ultrasound
Unit
705 - 3 Channel
Stim Unit
706 - 5 Channel
Stim Unit
708 - 3 Channel
Combo Unit
709 - 5 Channel
Combo Unit

Light Therapy


WITH
5X THE POWER AT 1/2 THE PRICE



Light Cluster Probe

The Dynatron Solaris will feature the New Infrared Cluster Probe generating 500 mW of power at both red and infrared wavelengths - five times the power of competing devices - reducing the average treatment times by 80%, and at a fraction of the cost of most competing brands. Best of all, it can be added to any Solaris unit.


Exclusive Feature

Standerd Accessaries

Patented 3-Frequency Ultrasound
The only ultrasound devices in the industry offering 1, 2, and 3 MHz frequencies for the greatest flexibility in depth of treatment.

Patented Target and Target Sweep
By focusing the treatment precisely where it is needed, Dynatronics' unique TARGET feature provides a more effective interferential treatment. Simply glide your finger across the TARGET touch pad to move the center of interference to the site of your patient's pain.

MultiStim Probe Package

With an onboard on/off switch and intensity controls, the new Solaris MultiStim Probe can be used to conveniently deliver High Volt, Microcurrent and Direct Current. Package includes two probes and three applicators.


Optional Accessaries

Light Cluster Probe The optional Cluster Probe is the latest innovation from Dynatronics. This probe generates 500 mW of power at both red and infrared wavelengths to treat a wide variety of soft-tissue conditions.




Solaris Cart

Designed specifically for Solaris units, this optional cart features two shelves and an auxiliary probe holder.





Solaris vs. Competition

Not just as good as the competition - but better !

  Solaris
most other units
1. Patented TARGETTM feature on IFC N/A
2. 1, 2 & 3 MHz duty cycle on Ultrasound Only has 1 & 3 MHz
3. 7 waveforms - IFC, Premod, Russian, Biphasic, High Volt, Microcurrent, Direct Current 4 waveforms - does NOT have Biphasic or Microcurrent
4. 3 or 5 channel units 2 or 4 channel units
5. Optional Light Therapy (new) N/A
6. Direct Current (new) N/A
7. MultiStim Probe (new) N/A
8. 2 year warranty on unit AND soundhead 1 year warranty on unit and soundhead
9. Battery pack capabilities on ALL models Battery pack available on ultrasound only
10. Aluminum chassis Plastic chassis
11. Internal power supply External power supply
12. Combo and electrotherapy units have electrode conductance meter (new) N/A
13. Combo and electrotherapy units have lead wire testing capabilities N/A
14. Alternating "Hi-Lo" feature on IFC and Premod "Hi" or "Lo" or 0-150 Hz
15. Neg., Pos. AND alternating BIPOLAR High Volt polarity settings High Volt polarity setting can only be Neg. OR Pos.
16. Neg., Pos. AND alternating BIPOLAR Microcurrent settings Microcurrent settings can only be Neg. OR Pos.
17. Custom on/off times (new) N/A
18. Custom Cart (new) N/A
19. Auxiliary Probe Holder (new) N/A
     
   
Research

As cited in Light Therapy Applications

Chukuka S. Enwemeka, PT, PhD, FACSM and Pekka J. Pöntinen, MD, PhD, FACA, FICAE


Tissue Repair, Including Wound and Ulcer Healing

1.  Reddy GK, Stehno-Bittel L, Enwemeka CS. Laser photostimulation of      collagen production in healing rabbit Achilles tendons. Lasers Surg      Med 1998;22:281-287.

2. Enwemeka CS, Cohen E, Duswalt EP, Weber DM: The Biomechanical     effects of Ga-As Laser photostimulation on tendon healing. Laser     Therapy 6:181-188, 1995.

3. Enwemeka CS: Ultrastructural morphometry of Membrane-bound     intracytoplasmic collagen fibrils in tendon fibroblasts exposed to     He:Ne laser beam. Tissue & Cell 24: 511-523, 1992

4. Mester E, Mester AF, Mester A.  The biomedical effects of laser     application. Lasers Surg Med.  1985:5:31-39.

5. Conlan MJ, Rapley JW, Cobb CM.  Biostimulation of wound healing by     low-energy laser irradiation. A review. J  Clin Periodont      1996;23:492- 496.

6. Yu W, Naim JO, Lanzafame RJ. Effects of photostimulation on wound      healing in diabetic mice. Lasers Surg Med. 1997; 20: 56-63.

7. Crespi R, Covani U, Margarone JE, Andreana S. Periodontal tissue      regeneration in beagle dogs after laser therapy. Lasers Surg Med:      1997; 21: 395-402.

8. Rezvani M, Robbins MEC, Hopewell JW, Whitehouse EM. Modification     of late dermal necrosis in the pig by treatment with multi-wavelength     light. Brit J Radiology: 1993; 66: 145-149.

9. Braverman B, McCarthy RJ, Ivankovich AD, Forde DE, Overfield M,     Bapna MS. Effect of helium-neon and infrared  laser irradiation on     wound healing in rabbits. Lasers Surg Med: 1989; 9: 50-58.

10. Longo L, Evangelista S, Tinacci G, Sesti AG. Effect of diodes-laser       silver arsenide-aluminum (Gs-Al-As) 904 nm on healing of       experimental wounds. Lasers Surg Med: 1987; 7: 444-447.

11. Al-Watban FAH, Zhang XY. Stimulative and inhibitory effects of low       incident levels of argon laser energy on wound healing. Laser Ther:       1995; 7: 11-18.

12. Lee P, Kim K, Kim K. Effects of low incident energy levels of infrared       laser irradiation on healing of infected open skin wounds in rats.       Laser Ther: 1993; 5: 59-64.

13. Ghamsari SM, Taguchi K, Abe N, Acorda JA, Sato M, Yamada H.       Evaluation of low level laser therapy on primary healing of       experimentally induced full thickness teat wounds in dairy cattle. Vet       Surg: 1997; 26: 114-120.

14. Ghamsari SM, Yamada H, Acorda JA, Unno N. Evaluation of low level       laser therapy on open wound healing of the teat in dairy cattle.       Laser Ther: 1994; 6: 113-118.

15. Al-Watban FAH, Zhang XY. Comparison of the effects of laser       therapy on wound healing using different laser wavelengths. Laser       Ther: 1996; 8: 127-135.

16. Al-Watban FAH, Zhang XY. Comparison of wound healing process       using argon and krypton lasers. J Clin Laser Med Surg: 1997; 15:       209-215.

17. Hunter J, Leonard L, Wilson R, Snider G, Dixon J. Effects of low       energy laser on wound healing in a porcine model. Lasers Surg       Med: 1984; 3: 285-290.

18. Sasaki K, Ohshiro T. Assessment in the rat model of the effects of       830 nm diode laser irradiation in a diachronic wound healing study.       Laser Ther: 1997; 9: 25-32.

19. Kana JS, Hutschenreiter G, Haina D,WaidelichW.Effect of low- power       density laser radiation on healing of open skin wounds in rats. Arch       Surg: 1981; 116: 293-296.

20. Halevy S, Lubart R, Reuvani H, Grossman N. Infrared (780 nm) low       level laser therapy for wound healing: in vivo and in vitro studies.       Laser Ther: 1997; 9: 159-164.

21. Braverman B, McCarthy RJ, Ivankovich AD, forde DE, Overfield M,       and Bapna MS. (1989): Effect of helium-neon and infared laser       irradiation of wound healing in rabbits. Lasers in Surgery and       Medicine, 9:50-58.

22. Hunter J, Leonard L, Wilson R, Snider G. and Dixon J. (1984) Effects       of low energy laser on wound healing in a porcine model.  Lasers in       Surgery and Medicine, 3:285-290.

23. Houghton PE, Keefer KA, and Krummel TM. (1994): Transforming       Growth Factor Beta (TGF1) plays a role in conversion of 'scarless'       fetal wound healing to healing with scar formation.  Wound Repair       and Regeneration, 3(1): 54-61.

24. Thawer HL, and Houghton PE. (1999): Effects of laser irradiation on        fetal limb development in vitro.  Lasers in Surgery and Medicine,        24(4):285-295.

25. Houghton PE, Keefer KA, and Krummel TM. (1996): A simple       method for the assessment of the relative amount of scar formation       in wounded fetal mouse limbs. Wound Repair and Regeneration,       4:489-495.

26. Mester E. (1980) Laser application in promoting of wound haling in        Koebner, N., ed., Laser in Medicine Vol. Toronto: John Wiley, 1980:       83-85.

27. Gamaleya N. (1977) Laser biomedical research in USSR in         Wolbarsht, M., ed., Laser applications in medicine and biology Vol.        London: Plenum Press, 1977: 1-175.

28. Schindl A, Schindl M, Schindl L. Successful treatment of a persistent       radiation ulcer by low power laser therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol       1997;37:646-648.

29. Schindl A, Schindl M, Schind L. Phototherapy with low intensity laser       irradiation for a chronic radiation ulcer in a patient with lupus       erythematosus and diabetes mellitus [letter]. Br J Dermatol       1997;137:840-841.

30. Schindl A, Schindl M, Schon H, Knobler R, Havelec L, Schindl L.       Low-intensity laser irradiation improves skin circulation in patients       with diabetic microangiopathy. Diabetes Care 1998;21:580-584.

31. Schindl A, Schindl M, Pernerstorfer-Schon H,SchindlL. Low- intensity       laser therapy: a review. J Investig Derm 2000;48:312- 326.

32. Basford JR, Hallman HO, Sheffield CG, Mackey GL. Comparison of       cold-quartz  ultraviolet, low-energy laser, and occlusion in wound       healing in a swine model. Arch Phys Med Rehabil: 1986; 67:       151- 154.

33. Lundeberg T, Malm M. Low-power HeNe laser treatment of venous       leg ulcers. Annals Plastic Surg: 1991; 27: 537-539.

34. Nussbaum EL, Biemann I, Mustard B. Comparison of       ultrasound/ultraviolet-C and laser for treatment of pressure ulcers       in patients with spinal cord injury. Phys Ther: 1994; 74:  812-823.

35. Basford JR. Laser therapy: scientific basis and clinical role. Lasers       Ortho Surg.   1993;16(5):541-547.

36. Bouma MG, Buurman WA, and van den Wildenberg FAJM. (1996):       Low energy laser irradiation fails to modulate the inflammatory       function of human monocytes and endothelial cells. Lasers in       Surgery and Medicine, 19:207-215.

37. Allendorf JDF, Bessler M, Huang J, Kayton ML, Laird D, Nowygrod R,      and Treat MR (1997): Helium-neon laser irradiation at fluences of 1,      2 and 4 J/cm2 failed to accelerated wound healing as assessed by      both wound contracture rate and tensile strength. Lasers in Surgery      and Medicine, 20:340-345.

38. El Sayed SO, Dyson M. Effect of laser pulse repetition rate and       pulse duration on mast cell number and degranulation. Lasers Surg       Med: 1996; 19: 433-437.

39. El Sayed SO, Dyson M. Comparison of the effect of multiwavelength       light produced by a cluster of semiconductor diodes and of each       individual diode on mast cell number and degranulation in intact and       injured skin. Lasers Surg Med. 1990;10:559-568.

40. Dyson M, and Young S. (1986): Effect of laser therapy on wound       contraction and cellularity in mice. Lasers in Medical Science,       1:125- 130.

41. Shiroto C, Sugawara K, Kumae T, Ono Y, Sasaki M, and Ohshiro T.        (1990): Effect of diode laser radiation in vitro on activity of human        neutrophils. Original Articles, 135-140.

42. Abergel RP, Lyons RF, Castel JC, Dwyer RM, and Uitto J. (1987):       Biostimulation of wound healing by lasers: Experimental approaches       in animal models and in fibroblast cultures.  Journal of       Dermatological and Surgical Oncology, 13(2):127-133.

43. Young S, Bolton P, Dyson M, Harvey W, and Diamantopoulos C.        (1989): Macrophage responsiveness to Light Therapy. Lasers in        Surgery and Medicine, 9:497-505.

44. Haas AF, Isseroff R, Wheeland RG, Rood PA, and Graves PJ.       (1990): Low-energy helium-neon laser irradiation increases the       motility of cultured human keratinocytes. The Journal of Investigative       Dermatology, 94:822-826.

45. Abergel RP, Meeker CA, Lam TS, Dwyer RM, Lesavoy MA, Uitto J.       Control of connective tissue metabolism by lasers: recent       developments and future prospects. J Am Acad Dermatol       1984;11:1142-1150.

46. Graham DJ, Alexander JJ. The effects of argon laser on bovine       aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cell proliferation and collagen       production. Curr Surg 1990;47:27-30.

47. Pogrel MA, Chen JW, Zhang K. Effects of low energy gallium-      aluminum-arsenide laser irradiation on cultured fibroblasts and       keratinocytes.Lasers Surg Med 1997;20:426-432.

48. Steinlechner C, Dyson M. The effects of low level laser therapy on        the proliferation of keratinocytes. Laser Therapy 1993;5:65-73.

49. Utsunomiya T. (1998): A histopathological study of the effects of        low-power laser irradiation on wound healing of exposed dental pulp        tissues in dogs, with special reference to lectins and collagens.        Journal of Endodontics, 24:187-193.

50. Lam TS, and Abergel RP. (1986): Laser stimulation of collagen       synthesis in human skin fibroblast cultures. Lasers in the Life       Sciences, 1:61-77.

51. Skinner SM, Gage JP, Wilce PA, and Shaw RM. (1996) A preliminary       study of the effects of laser irradiation on collagen metabolism in cell       culture.  Australian Dental Journal, 41(3):188-192.

52. Lyons RF, Abergel RP, White RA, Dwyer RM, Castel JC, Uitto J.       Biostimulation of wound healing in vivo by a helium-neon laser. Ann       Plast Surg 1987;18:47-50.

53. Saperia D, Glassberg E, Lyons RF, Abergel RP, Baneux P, Castel       JC, Dwyer RM, Uitto J. Demonstration of elevated type I and type III       procollagen mRNA levels in cutaneous wounds treated with       helium- neon laser. Proposed mechanism for enhanced wound       healing. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986;138:1123-1128.

54. Enwemeka CS, Rodriguez O, Gall NG, Walsh NE. Morphometric of       collagen fibril population in He:Ne laser photostimulated tendons. J       Clin Laser Med Surg 1990;8:151-156.

55. Enwemeka CS. Ultrastructural morphometry of membrane-bound       intracytoplasmic collagen fibrils in tendon fibroblasts exposed to       He:Ne laser beam. Tissue Cell 1992;24:511-523.

56. Passarella S, Casamassima E, Molinari S, Pastore D, Quagliariello       E, Catalano IM, Cingolani A. Increase of proton electrochemical       potential and ATP synthesis in rat liver mitochondria irradiated in       vitro by helium-neon laser. FEBS Lett 1984;175:95-99.

57. Cohen N, Lubart R, Rubinstein S, Breitbart H (1998): Light        irradiation of mouse spermatozoa: Stimulation of in vitro fertilization        and calcium signals. J Photochem and Photobiol 68: 407-413.

58. Friedmann H, Lubart R, Laulicht I (1991): A possible explanation of       laser-induced stimulation. J Photochem and Photobiol B Biol 11:       87- 95.

59. Oren DA, Charney DS, Lavie R, Sinyakov M, Lubart R: Stimulation       of reactive oxygen species production by an antidepressant visible       light source. Biol Psychiatry 49:464-467, 2001

60. Grossman N, Schneid N, Reuveni H, Halevy S, Lubart R: 780 nm low       power diode laser irradiation stimulates proliferation of keratinocyte       cultures: involvement of reactive oxygen species. Lasers Surg Med        22: 212-218, 1998.

61. Lubart R, Friedmann H, Sinyakov M, Cohen N, Breitbart H: Changes       in calcium transport in mammalian sperm mitochondria and plasma       membranes caused by 780 nm irradiation. Lasers Surg Med.       1997;21(5):493-9.

62. Sugrue ME, Carolan J, Leen EJ, Feeley TM, Moore DJ, Shanik GD.       The use of infrared laser therapy in the treatment of venous        ulceration.  Annals Vas Surg: 1990; 4: 179-181.

63. Iusim M, Kimchy J, Pillar T, Mendes DG. Evaluation of the degree of       effectiveness of Biobeam low level narrow band light on the       treatment of skin ulcers and delayed postoperative wound healing.       Orthopedics: 1992; 15: 1023-1026.

64. Kim KS, Lee PY, Lee JH, Kim YK. Effects of different modes of low       level laser irradiation on the healing of experimentally infected       wounds. Laser Ther: 1998;10: 17-24.

65. Beckerman H, DeBie RA, Bouter LM, DeCuyper HJ, Oostendorp       RAB. The efficacy of laser therapy for musculoskeletal and skin       disorders: a criteria-based meta-analysis of randomized clinical           trials. Phys Ther. 1992; 72: 483-491.

66.  Baxter GD, Bell AJ, Allen JM, Ravey J.  Low level laser therapy:        current clinical practice in Northern Ireland.  Physiotherapy.         1991;77:171-178.

67. Nemeth AJ. Lasers and wound healing. Dermatologic Clinics.       1993;11:783-789

68. Cambier DC, Vanderstraeten GG, and Mussen MJ, van der Spank       JT. (1996): Low-power laser and healing of burns: a preliminary       assay. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 97:555-558.

69. McCaughan JS, Bethel BH, Johnston T, and Janseen W. (1985):       Effect of Low Dose Argon Irradiation on Rate of Wound Closure.        Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 5:607-614.

70. Conlan MJ, Rapley JW, and Cobb CM. (1996): Biostimulation of       wound healing by low-energy laser irradiation.  Journal of Clinical       Periodontology, 23:392-296.

71. Smith RJ, Birndorf M, Gluck G, Hammond D, Moore WD. The effect       of low-energy laser on skin-flap survival in the rat and porcine       animal models [see comments]. Plast Reconstr Surg       1992;89:306- 310.

72. Surinchak JS, Alago ML, Bellamy RF, Stuck BE, Belkin M. Effects of       low-level energy lasers on the healing of full-thickness skin defects.       Lasers Surg Med: 1983; 2: 267-274.

73. Bisht D, Gupta SC, Misra V, Mital VP, and Sharma P. (1994): Effect       of low intensity laser radiation on healing of open skin wounds in       rats. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 100:43-46.

74. Anneroth G, Hall G, Ryden H, and Zetterqvist L. (1998): The effect       of low-energy infrared laser radiation on wound healing in rats.        British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 26:12-17.

75. Broadley C, Broadley KN, Disimone G, Reinisch L, and Davidson JM.       (1995): Low-energy helium-neon laser irradiation and the tensile       strength of incisional wounds in the rat. Wound Repair and       Regeration, 3:512-517.

76. Yaakobi T, Maltz L, Oron U. Promotion of bone repair in the cortical       bone of the tibia  in rats by low energy laser (He-Ne) irradiation.       Calcif Tissue Int 1996;59:297-300.

77. Mester E, Spiry T, Szende B, Tota JG. Effect of laser rays on       wound healing. Am J Surg 1971;122:532-535.

78. Yu W, Naim JO, Lanzafame RJ. Effects of photostimulation on wound        healing in diabetic mice. Lasers Surg Med 1997;20:56-63.

79. Fahey TJ, Sadaty A, Jones WG, Barber A, Smoller B, Shires GT.       Diabetes impairs the late inflammatory response to wound healing. J       Surg Res 1991;50:308-313.

80. N. Weiss and U.Oron. Enhancement of muscle regeneration in the       rat gastrocnemius muscle by low energy laser irradiation. Anat.       Embryol. 186:497-503. 1992.

81. A. Bibikova, N. Weiss and U. Oron. Effect of He-Ne and Ga-As lase       irradiation on skeletal muscle regeneration. In: Laser Bologna 92 (G.       Gillette, L. Bologna and G. Ussia, eds.),  pp. 87-91,  Monduzzi       Editore, Bologna.  1992.

82. A. Bibikova and U. Oron. Promotion of muscle regeneration following       cold injury to the toad (Bufo viridis) gastrocnemius muscle by low       energy laser irradiation. Anat. Rec. 235:374-380. 1993.

83. A. Bibikova and U. Oron. Attenuation of muscle regeneration in       amphibians by low energy laser irradiation. Lasers Surg. Med.       4:355-362. 1994.

84. A. Bibikova, A. Belkin and U. Oron. Enhancement of angiogenesis in       regenerating gastrocnemius muscle of the toad (Bufo viridis) by low       energy laser irradiation. Anat. Embryol. 190:597-602. 1994.

85. N. Weiss, A. Bibikova and U. Oron. Expression of desmin in       regenerating rat and amphibian skeletal muscles. Lasers Med. Sci.       9:167-171. 1994.

86. A. Bibikova and U. Oron. Regeneration in denervated toad       gastrocnemius muscle and promotion of the process by low energy        laser irradiation. Anat. Rec. 241:123-128.  1995.

87. O. Barushka, T. Yaakobi and U. Oron.  Effect of laser (He-Ne)       irradiation on the process of bone repair in the rat tibia. Bone       16:47-55. 1995.

88. T. Yaakobi, L. Maltz and U. Oron. Promotion of bone repair in the       cortical bone of the tibia in rats by low energy laser (He-Ne)       irradiation. Calcif. Tissue Inter. 59:297-300. 1996.

89. A. Stein, P. Kraicer  and U. Oron.  Effect of low energy  (He - Ne)      irradiation on  embryo  implantation  rate in  the  rat. In: Proceedings      of  Low Power Light Effects in Biological Systems, Vol. 3198, pp. 24 -      30. 1997.

90. N. Ben-Dov, G.  Shefer, A. Irinitchev, A. Wernig,  U. Oron  and   O.       Halevy. Low energy laser irradiation affects satellite cell proliferation       and differentiation in vitro. Biochem. Biophys. Acta.1448: 372-380.       1999.

91. N.  Yaakov,  A.  Bdolah, Z.  Wolberg  and  S. Ben - Haim  and  U.       Oron. Cardioprotective effects of low energy laser irradiation after        intoxication of the mouse heart with sarafotoxin from the burrowing        asp. Basic.Res.Cardiol. 95: 385-389. 2000.

92. U.  Oron,  T.  Yaakobi, A.  Oron,   D.  Mordechovitz,   R.   Shofti, Gal.       Hayam, U. Dror, L. Gepstein, T. Wolf, C. Haudenschild and S. Ben       Haim. Low energy laser irradiation reduces formation of scar tissue       following myocardial infarction in dogs. Circulation. 93:296-       301.2001.

94. U. Oron,  T.  Yaakobi,  A.   Oron,    G.   Hayam , L.    Gepstein,         T.Wolf, and S. Ben Haim. Attenuation of the formation of scar tissue        in rats and dogs post myocardial infarction by low energy laser        irradiation. Lasers Surg. Med. 28: 204-211.2001.

95. G.  Shefer,  U.  Oron,   A.   Irintchev,  A.  Wernig and O.   Halevy.        Low energy laser irradiation activates specific signal transduction        pathways in skeletal muscle cells.  J. Cell. Physiol. 187:73-80.2001.

96. T. Yaakobi, S. A. Ben - Haim  and  U. Oron. Long - term  Effect  of        Low  Energy  Laser  Irradiation on  Infarction  and  Reperfusion         Injury in the Rat Heart.  J.App.Physiol. 90:2411-2419.2001.

97. N. Ad and  U. Oron. Impact of low energy laser irradiation on infarct       size in the rat following myocardial infarction. Inter. J.       Cardiol.80:109-116.2001.

98. G. Shefer,O. Halevy, M. Cullen, U. Oron. Low level laser irradiation        shows no histopathological effect on myogenic satellite satellite cells       in tissue culture.  Laser Therapy. 11:114-117.2001.

      N. Yaakov, S.A. Ben-Haim and U.Oron . Low power laser irradiation       reduces interstitial scarring in isoproternol-induced hypertrophic rat       heart.  Laser Therapy.11:190-197. 2001.

99. Mester E, Ludany M, Seller M, The simulating effect of low power       laser ray on biological systems, Laser Rev., 1:3,1968

100. Mester E, Spry T, Sender N, Tita J, Effect of laser ray on wound         healing, Amer J Surg., 122:523-535, 1971

101. Mester E, Mester AF, Mester A.  The biomedical effects of laser         application. Lasers Surg Med.  1985;5:31-39.

102. Kana JS, Hutschenreiter G, Haina D, Waidelich W. Effect of         low- power density laser radiation on healing of open skin wounds         in rats. Arch Surg: 1981; 116: 293-296.

103. Abergel RP, Lyons RF, Castel JC, Dwyer RM, and Uitto J. (1987):         Biostimulation of wound healing by lasers: Experimental         approaches in animal models and in fibroblast cultures.  J Derm         Surg Oncol, 13(2):127-133.

104. Halevy S, Lubart R, Reuvani H, Grossman N. Infrared (780 nm) low         level laser therapy for wound healing: in vivo and in vitro studies.         Laser Ther: 1997; 9: 159-164.

105. Akai M, Usuba M, Maeshima T, Shirasaki Y, Yasuika S: Laser's         effect on bone and cartilage: Change induced by joint         immobilization in an experimental animal model. Lasers Surg Med         21:480-484, 1997.

106. Ozawa Y, Shimizu N., Kariya G, Abiko Y: Low-energy laser          irradiation stimulates bone nodule formation at          early stages          of cell culture in rat calvarial cells. Bone 22:347-354, 1998.

107. Rezvani M, Robbins MEC, Hopewell JW, Whitehouse EM.         Modification of late dermal necrosis in the pig by treatment with         multi-wavelength light. Brit J Radiology: 1993; 66: 145-149.

108. Reddy GK, Stehno-Bittel L, Enwemeka CS: Laser photostimulation         of collagen production in healing rabbit Achilles tendons. Lasers         Med Sci 22:281-287, 1998.

109. Reddy GK, Stehno-Bittel L, Enwemeka CS: Laser photostimulation         accelerates wound healing in diabetic rats. Wound Repair and         Regeneration vol 9: 2001 (In press). 

110. Lubart R, Friedman H, Grossman N, Cohen  N, Breibart H: The role         of reactive oxygen species in photobiostimulation. Trends in         Photochemistry and Photobiology 4:277-2283, 1997

Pain Control and Soft-Tissue Inflammation

1. Kemmotsu O, Sato K, Fururnido H, Harada K, Takigawa C, Kaseno S,     Yokata S, Hanaoka Y, Yamamura T: Efficacy of low reactive-level     laser therapy for pain attenuation of postherpetic neuralgia. Laser     Therapy, 3: 71-76, 1991.

2. Mizokami T, Aoki K, lwabuchi S, Kasai K, Yamazaki Y, Sakurai T,     Samejima K, Yoshii N: A clinical study: Relationship between pain     attenuation and the serotonergic mechanism. Laser Therapy, 5: 165-     68, 1993.

3. Moore KC, Hira N, Broome IJ, Cruikshank JA:  The effect of infra-red     diode laser irradiation on the duration and severity of postoperative     pain: a double blind trial. Laser Therapy, 4: 145-149, 1992.

4. Soriano F, Rios R:  Gallium arsenide laser treatment of chronic low     back pain: a prospective, randomized and double blind study. Laser     Therapy, 10: 175-180, 1998.

5. Lowe AS, McDowell, BC, Walsh DM, Baxter GD, Allen JM:  Failure to     demonstrate any hypoalgesic effect of low intensity laser irradiation     (830 nm) of Erb's point upon experimental ischaemic pain in humans.      Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 20: 69-76, 1997.

6. Mokhtar B, Baxter D, Walsh D, Bell A, Allen J:  Double-blind,     placebo- controlled investigation of the effect of combined     phototherapy/low intensity laser therapy upon experimental ischaemic     pain in humans.  Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 17: 74-81, 1995.

7. Vasseljen O, Hoeg N, Kjeldstad B, Johnson A, Larsen S:   Low level     laser versus placebo in the treatment of tennis elbow.  Scandinavian    Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 24: 37-42, 1992.

8. Waylonis G, Wilke S, O'Toole D, Waylonis D, Waylonis D: Chronic     myofascial pain: Management by low-output helium-neon laser     therapy.  Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 69:     1017- 1020, 1988.

9. Pascu, M.L., Suteanu,S., Ignat, P., Pruna, S., Chitu, A. (1995).     Semiconductor lasers in rheumatological treatment, SPIE 246,     pp.398--401.

10. Barberis, G., Gamron, S., Acevedo, G., et al. (1996). In vitro       synthesis of prostaglandin E2 by synovial tissue after helium-neon       laser radiation in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Clin. Laser Med. Surg. 14:4,       pp.175--177.

11. Bellamy, N., Bradley, L.A. (1996). Workshop on chronic pain, pain       control and patient outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis and       osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 3, pp.357--362 Olavi A, Pekka R,       Pertti K: (1989) Effects of the infrared laser therapy at treated and       non-treated trigger points. Acupunture Electro-therapeutics       Research International Journal 14:9-14.

12. Sattayut S: (1998) A study of the influence of low intensity laser       therapy on painful temporomandibular disorders. University of       London. PhD thesis

13. Snyder-Mackler L, Barry AJ, Perkins AI, Soucek MD: (1989) Effects       of Helium-Neon laser irradiation on skin resistance and pain in       patients with trigger points in the neck or back. Physical Therapy       69:336-341.

14. Naveh N, Peer J, Bartov E, Weissman C: (1991) Argon laser        irradiation of rabbits' eyes-changes in prostaglandin E2 levels.        Prostaglandins 41:143-155.

15. Shimizu N, Yamaguchi M, Goseki T, Shibata Y, Takiguchi H, and       Iwasawa T: (1995) Inhibition of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin       1- beta production by low-power laser irradiation in stretched human       periodontal ligament cells. J of Dental Research 74: 1382-1388

16. Basford JR, Sheffield CG, Mair SD. Low energy helium-neon laser       treatment of thumb osteoarthritis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1987;       68:794-797.

17. Bromm B, Chen AC. Brain electrical source analysis of laser evoked       potentials in response to painful trigeminal nerve stimulation.       Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 1995;95(1):14-26.

18. Ceccherelli F, Altafino L, Lo Castro G, et al. Diode laser in cervical       myofascial pain: a double-blind study versus placebo. Clin J Pain       1989; 5(4):301-304.

19. Devor M. What's in a beam for pain therapy? Pain 1990;43:139.

20. Findler G, and Feinsod M. Sensory evoked response to electrical       stimulation of the trigeminal nerve in humans. J Neurosurg       1982;56:545-549.

21. Gam AN, Thorsen H, Lonnberg F. The effect of low-level laser       therapy on musculoskeletal pain: a meta-analysis. Pain       1993;52:63- 66.

22. Haker E, Lundeberg T. Laser treatment applied to acupuncture       points in lateral humeral epicondylalgia: a double-blind study. Pain       1990;43:243-248.

23. Lonauer G. Controlled double-blind study on the efficacy of He-Ne       laser beam versus He-Ne plus infra-red laser beams in the therapy       of activated osteoarthritis of finger joints. Laser Surg Med       1986;6:172.

24. Lukashevich IG. Use of a helium-neon laser in facial pains.       Stomatologiia (Mosk) 1985;64:29-31.

25. Sakurai Y, Yamaguchi M, Abiko Y. Inhibitory effect of low-level laser       irradiation on LPS-stimulated prostaglandin E2 production and       cyclooxygenase-2 in human gingival fibroblasts. Eur J Oral Sci       2000;108(1):29-34.

26. Moore KC (1989): An update on the application of low reactive-level       laser therapy (LLLT) in the United Kingdom. Laser Therapy,       1:157- 161.

27. Walker J (1983): Relief from chronic pain by low power laser       irradiation. Neurosci Lett, 43: 339-344.

28. Goldman JA, Chiapella J, Casey H, Bass N, Graha J, McClatchey W,       Dronavalli RV, Brow R, Bennett WJ, Miller SB, Wilson CH, Pearson       B, Haun C, Persinnsk L, Huey H, and Muckerheide M (1980): Laser       therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Lasers Surg Med, 1: 93-101.

29. Iijima K, Shimoyama N, Shimoyama M, Yamamoto T, Shimizu T, and       Mizuguchi T (1989): Effect of repeated irradiation of low-power       He- Ne laser in pain relief from postherpetic neuralgia. Clin J Pain, 5:       271-274.

30. Yasuyo M, Toshiyuki I, Toyoshi H, Kazuhiro Y, and Mayumi N (2000):       Effects of Near-Infrared Low Level Laser irradiation on       microcirculation. Lasers Surg Med, 27:427-437.

31. Agov BS, Devyatkov ND, Zhuk AE, Makeeva NS, Tsykin DB, and       Hastin NN (1982): Treatment of Angina pectoris by helium-neon       laser. Klinicheskaia Meditsina, 5: 65-67.

32. Ohshiro T, Calderhead RG (1988): Low Level Laser Therapy: A       practical introduction. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester.

33. Kasai S, Kono T, Yamamoto Y, Kotani H, Sakamoto T, and Mito M       (1996): Effect of low-power laser irradiation on impulse conduction in       anesthetized rabbits. J Clin Laser Med Surg, 14: 107-109.

34. Shimoyama M, Fukida Y, Sjimoyama N, Ijima K, and Mizuguchi T       (1992): Effect of He-Ne laser irradiation on synaptic transmission of       the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion in the rat. J Clin Laser       Med Surg, 10: 337-342.

35. Wong E et al (1991): Efficacy of Low Power Laser Therapy in the       pain relief of Migraine Headaches. Proc Ninth Congress Soc Laser       Surgery and Medicine, Anaheim, California, USA, 2-6 November.

36. Soriano F et al (1998): Low level laser therapy response in patients       with chronic low back pain. A double blind study. Lasers Surg Med       Suppl, 10: p. 6.

37. Toya S et al (1994): Report on computer-randomized double blind        clinical trial to determine the effectiveness of the GaAlAs (830nm)        diode laser for pain attenuation in selected pain. Laser Therapy, 6:        143. 

38. Taguchi T et al (1991): Thermographic Changes Following Laser        Irradiation for Pain Relief. J Clin Laser Med Surg, 9(2): 143.

39. Simunovic Z (1996): Low Level Laser Therapy with Trigger Points       Technique: A Clinical Study on 243 Patients, in: Journal of Clinical        Laser Medicine and Surgery.14 (4) 163-167.

40. Wong E, Lee G, Zucherman J, Mason DT: Successful management       of female office workers with "repetitive stress injury" or "carpal       tunnel syndrome" by a new treatment modality-application of low       level laser. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and       Therapeutics 33: 208-211, 1995.

41. Weintraub MI: Noninvasive laser neurolysis in carpal tunnel       syndrome. Muscle & Nerve 20: 1029-1031, 1997.

42. Branco K, Naeser MA: Carpal tunnel syndrome: Clinical outcome       after low-level laser acupuncture, microamps                        transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and other alternative       therapies-An open protocol study. Journal of Alternative and       Complimentary Medicine 5: 5-26, 1999.

43. Naeser MA, Hahn K-A K, Lieberman BE, Branco KF: Carpal tunnel       syndrome pain treated with low-level laser and microamperes       transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: A controlled study.       Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 83: 978-988, 2002.

44. Barberis G, Gamron S, Acevedo G, Cadile I, Juri H, Campana V,       Castel A, Onetti CM, Palma JA: In vitro synthesis of prostaglandin E2       by synovial tissue after Helium-Neon laser radiation in rheumatoid       arthritis. J Clin Laser Med Surg 14: 175-177, 1996.

45. Haker E, Lundeberg T: Is low-energy laser treatment effective in       lateral epicondylalgia? Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 6:       241-246, 1991.

46. Vasseljen Jr. O, Hoeg N, Kjeldstad B, Johnsson A, Larsen S: Low        level laser versus placebo in the treatment of tennis elbow.        Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 24:37-42, 1992.

47. Fargas-Babjak A: Acupuncture, transcutaneous electrical nerve       stimulation, and laser therapy in chronic pain. Clin J Pain;17(4       Suppl):S105-13, 2001.

48. Ozdemir F, Birtane M, Kokino S: The clinical efficacy of low-power       laser therapy on pain and function in cervical osteoarthritis. Clin       Rheumatol 2001;20(3):181-4

49. Tam G: Low power laser therapy and analgesic action. J Clin Laser       Med Surg 1999 Feb;17(1):29-33

50. Lim HM, Lew KK, Tay DK: A clinical investigation of the efficacy of       low level laser therapy in reducing orthodontic postadjustment pain.       Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1995 Dec;108(6):614-22

General Studies

1. McMeeken J, and Stillman B. (1993): Perceptions of the efficacy of     laser therapy. Australian Physiotherapy, 39:101-106.

2. Basford JR.(1989): Low-energy laser therapy: controversies and new     research findings. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 9:1-5.

3. Enwemeka CS.  Laser biostimulation of healing wounds: specific     effects and mechanism on action.  J. Orthop Sports Phys Ther.      1988:9:333-338.

4. Enwemeka CS. (1990): Laser Photostimulation. Clinical Management,     10:24-29.

5. Enwemeka CS. (1991) Laser photostimulation in the United States - A     tale of clinical tests, experimental trials, transient triumphs, and     intermittent tribulations of potential clinical armamentarium. in      Ohshiro, T. and Calderhead, R.G., eds.), Progress in Laser Therapy     Vol. Toronto: John Wiley, 1991: 102-111.

6. Tuner J, Hode L (2003): Laser Therapy in Dentistry and Medicine.     Sweden. Prima Books AB.

7. Pöntinen PJ (1992): Low Level Laser Therapy as a Medical     Treatment Modality. Tampere, Finland. Art Urpo.

 
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